Vertical cavity research focuses on the development and study of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and vertical-cavity photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL-PCs). These devices are semiconductor lasers that emit light vertically from the surface of the chip, allowing for more efficient and compact designs compared to traditional edge-emitting lasers. Research in this area typically involves optimizing the performance, power efficiency, wavelength range, and modulation capabilities of these devices for a variety of applications such as optical communications, sensing, printing, and lighting.